Article 45
Imposing sanctions in cases where democracy is abruptly brought to an end or where there is massive violation of human rights
1. In the event that democracy is abruptly brought to an end by any means or where there is massive violation of Human Rights in a Member State, ECOWAS may impose sanctions on the State concerned. 2. The sanctions which shall be decided by the Authority may take the following forms, in increasing order of severity: Refusal to support the candidates presented by the Member State concerned for elective posts in international organisations; Refusal to organise ECOWAS meetings in the Member State concerned; Suspension of the Member State concerned from all ECOWAS decision- making bodies. During the period of the suspension the Member State concerned shall be obliged to pay its dues for the period. 3. During the period of suspension, ECOWAS shall continue to monitor, encourage and support the efforts being made by the suspended Member State to return to normalcy and constitutional order; 4. On the recommendation of the Mediation and Security Council, a decision may be taken at the appropriate time to proceed as stipulated in Article 45 of the Protocol of 10th December 1999.
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